What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their photocatalytic properties for removing contaminants.

February 20, 2026

A Comprehensive Review of Plant‐Mediated Greener Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Removal of Emerging Contaminants

Key Points

The aim is to explore the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their photocatalytic properties for removing contaminants.
Reviewed recent advancements in zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts.
Analyzed the physicochemical properties and environmental applications of these nanoparticles.
Discussed the effectiveness of ZnO NPs in the degradation of organic dyes under UV or visible light.
Green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles achieve up to 95% degradation of organic dyes.
Size and shape of ZnO NPs vary according to plant sources and synthesis methods.
These nanoparticles are environmentally friendly and cost-effective compared to traditional synthesis techniques.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are emerging as an auspicious class of nanomaterials, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, affordability, and biocompatibility. This article inspects recent progressions in the synthesis, properties, and environmental practices of ZnO NPs with an emphasis on green production using plant extracts. Green synthesis is a more inexpensive and ecologically friendly method of creating stable and biologically harmless nanoparticles than physical and chemical methods. ZnO NPs differ in size (10–80 nm), shape, and morphology based on the plant source and synthesis technique. Despite their large surface area and an ideal band gap (∼3.2 eV), green‐synthesised ZnO NPs exhibit remarkable photocatalytic degradation (up to 95%) of organic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and methyl orange (MO) under UV or visible light. Green‐synthesized ZnO NPs are effective and sustainable materials for environmental remediation and wastewater treatment.

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