Longitudinal Trends in Cardiac Arrest–Related Mortality in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective U.S. Population-Based Study (1999–2023)

Sudden cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death in the United States, with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recognized as an independent risk factor. National trends in mortality among individuals with both conditions remain unclear. Using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (multiple cause-of-death data, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of deaths with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes for COPD (J41–J44) and CA (I46). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated and stratified by race, sex, age group, census region, urbanization level, and place of death. Temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression, reporting annual percent change (APC), and average annual percent change. From 1999 to 2023, a total of 853,773 deaths were recorded, with AAMRs declining from 35.48 to 22.77. The decline was steepest from 1999 to 2006 (APC: –2.77), followed by a more gradual reduction through 2021 (APC: –0.84), and a marked acceleration between 2021 and 2023 (APC: –5.52). Males consistently had higher AAMRs than females (35.41 vs 23.32). Racial disparities persisted, with non-Hispanic (NH) White (29.5) and NH Black individuals (28.16) experiencing the highest rates, followed by NH American Indians (26.17), Hispanics (22.2), and NH Asian/Pacific Islanders (17.82). Mortality was also highest in nonmetropolitan areas (31.37) and the Western region (39.68). Notably, home deaths increased following the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Overall, CA-related mortality in individuals with COPD has declined over the past 25 years, with sharper reductions observed in the post-coronavirus disease period. Despite these improvements, persistent and widening disparities underscore the need for targeted interventions in high-risk populations.