Nanotherapeutics to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer remains a challenging oncology concern owing to its late diagnosis, high risk of recurrence, and predisposition for developing chemoresistance. Despite their initial effectiveness, traditional chemotherapy regimens frequently trigger multidrug resistance through multiple mechanisms. By improving drug solubility, stability, tumor-specific accumulation, and overcoming resistance pathways, nanotechnology offers revolutionary potential in addressing these limitations. With an emphasis on nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods as a potential means to combat chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, this review aims to address the urgent need for innovative approaches that can overcome these treatment barriers. In view of their ability to alter cancerous pathways as well as enhance chemosensitivity, novel approaches such as siRNA, miRNA, exosomebased treatments, ligand-functionalized nanoparticles, and antibody-drug conjugates are mentioned. Notably, exosomes and liganddecorated carriers enhance biocompatibility and selective cellular uptake, whereas siRNA and miRNA delivery systems are designed to silence genes associated with drug resistance. A comprehensive evaluation of preclinical and clinical studies was mentioned, focused on nanotechnology-enabled approaches. Clinically, several nanoformulations have gone through trials or been approved, showing potential for translation. Preclinical results are encouraging, but there are still challenges with immune responses, tumor heterogeneity, and scalable production. Optimizing therapy outcomes requires combining patient-specific targeting, novel carrier designs, and molecular diagnostics. This review emphasizes the significance of ongoing interdisciplinary efforts to close the gap between clinical adoption and experimental success, as well as the paradigm change toward precision nanomedicine in ovarian cancer. Nanotechnology-driven therapeutics represent a promising frontier in overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.