Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of municipal water systems in improving public health outcomes in urban settings, particularly in resource-limited countries like Kenya. However, there is a need for rigorous methodological evaluations to assess their efficacy and identify areas requiring improvement. The study employs a fixed effects model to analyse longitudinal data collected from various municipalities across Kenya. This approach accounts for potential unobserved heterogeneity that could affect the water system's performance over time. Initial analysis suggests a positive correlation between improved access to clean municipal water and reductions in certain agricultural diseases by approximately 20%. The findings indicate that enhanced municipal water systems can significantly improve public health, particularly in agriculture sectors. However, further research is needed to identify the specific mechanisms through which these improvements occur. Policy makers should prioritise investments in infrastructure and maintenance of municipal water systems to ensure equitable access for all communities, especially those in rural areas where coverage may be limited. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Njogu et al. (Sun,) studied this question.