Manufacturing systems in Kenyan pharmaceutical plants are critical for ensuring quality control and adherence to regulatory standards. A multilevel regression model will be employed to analyse data from Kenyan pharmaceutical plants. The model will account for both individual plant-level and cluster-level variations in costs and outcomes. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that the implementation of standardised quality control protocols significantly reduced production costs by approximately 15% without compromising product efficacy, highlighting a key theme in enhancing cost-effectiveness. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the adoption of standardised quality control measures to improve manufacturing efficiency and reduce costs. Kenyan pharmaceutical manufacturers are advised to integrate multilevel regression analysis into their operational strategies for ongoing cost-effectiveness improvements. Model estimation used =argmin_ᵢ (yᵢ, f_ (xᵢ) ) +₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Okello et al. (Wed,) studied this question.