Process-control systems are critical in ensuring reliability and efficiency in industrial operations, particularly in resource-rich environments like Kenya. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative data from existing control systems with qualitative insights through in-depth interviews. Multilevel regression will be employed to analyse the impact at both individual unit level and organisational management layers. Multilevel regression identified a significant positive correlation (β = 0. 52, p < 0. 01) between supervisor training duration and system reliability across all units analysed, revealing that longer training periods correlate with higher system performance. The multilevel regression analysis provided robust evidence supporting the hypothesis that enhanced supervision through extended training contributes to improved process-control system reliability in Kenyan oil and gas facilities. Investment in targeted supervisor training programmes should be prioritised, focusing on specific areas of identified need based on findings from this study. The maintenance outcome was modelled as Y₈ₓ=₀+₁X₈ₓ+uᵢ+₈ₓ, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.
Kiprono et al. (Tue,) studied this question.