Human Supremacy in the Digital Age: The Evolution of Eco-criticism and Green Thought in 21st Century English Literature

This research paper attempts to examine the transforming vista of Eco-criticism and Green Thought within English literature, highlighting its transition from a secondary interpretive framework to a universal theme in the discourse of the 21st-century. Considering the current trends in English Literature, the study underscores how contemporary authors are increasingly moving away from human-centred storytelling to adopt eco-centric perspectives. Here, nature is positioned not merely as a background but is included as an active, dynamic force that shapes narratives and the evolution of character. Using a critical analytical approach of varied literary forms that includes contemporary novels, poetry, and the latest evolving “cli-fi” (climate fiction), the paper studies recurring themes such as climate change, environmental degradation, and ecological justice. It highlights a substantial change in current literature, which is moving towards integrating indigenous ecological wisdom and decolonized approaches. Through this, the change appears to reflect a broader global effort to promote sustainable practices and environmental management. Besides, the study explores the increasing interdisciplinarity of the field, linking literary analysis to the broader environmental humanities and digital era transformations like “eco-blogging” and “biomimicry”. Eventually, the paper contends that English literature in today’s era acts as a transformative space for dialogue, challenging unsustainable practices and playing a crucial role in fostering global environmental ethics and engagement.