What does this research mean for the field?

In Holstein and Simmental cows, higher milk yield is associated with increased levels of growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and ghrelin, while leptin, adiponectin, insulin, IGF-I, TSH, and T4 levels remain unchanged during lactation. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore the connection between fat tissue hormones and galactopoietic hormones with milk yield in Holstein and Simmental cows.

March 1, 2026Open Access

The relation of fat tissue hormones and some galactopoietic hormones with milk yield in Holstein and Simmental cows

ZDZennure DEMİRGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust DADevrim Sarıpınar Aksu

Key Points

This research aims to explore the connection between fat tissue hormones and galactopoietic hormones with milk yield in Holstein and Simmental cows.
Measured serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, GH, insulin, IGF-I, cortisol, TSH, and T4 in cows.
Grouped Holstein and Simmental cows by low, medium, and high milk yield levels.
Determined body condition scores (BCS) for each cow.
GH levels significantly increased in both breeds during the study (p < 0.05).
Energy requirement increases during lactation correlated with increased GH, cortisol, and ghrelin, but plasma T4 decreased.
Leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-I levels remained unchanged, indicating complex hormonal interactions.

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the physiological changes in leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin hormones, which are effective in the regulation of energy metabolism, and the galactopoietic hormones including growth hormone (GH), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) levels, which are also effective in the regulation of metabolic activities and their correlation with milk yield levels in Holstein and Simmental cows with low, medium, and high milk yield. Holstein (n = 30) and Simmental cows (n = 30) with low, medium, and high milk yield were used. Cows were divided into 6 groups with 10 animals in each group, and body condition scores (BCS) were determined. Serum GH, insulin, IGF-I, cortisol, TSH, T4, leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels were measured. GH level increased in both breeds (p

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