Analysis of stillbirth: a retrospective study in China

Abstract Objectives This study aims to analyze the incidence and causes of stillbirth, identify associated risk factors, and explore effective interventions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 324 stillbirth cases admitted to the Obstetrics Department of Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children from January 2017 to December 2023. A comparison was made with live births in the same period. The study investigated the origins of stillbirth, identified key risk factors, and proposed strategies for the prevention and management of stillbirth. Results The stillbirth rate was 3.2 ‰, with no significant variation over the 7 years (p>0.05). A “U-shaped” relationship was observed between maternal age and stillbirth. The incidence of stillbirth among multiparous women was significantly higher than among primiparous women. The top three maternal factors associated with stillbirth were genital malformations, severe preeclampsia, and infections, with stillbirth rates of 20 , 13, and 13 ‰, respectively. The top three umbilical cord and placental factors associated with stillbirth were identified as umbilical cord shortness, umbilical cord true knot, and placental abruption, with incidence rates of 19 , 17, and 11 ‰, respectively. Twin pregnancies had a stillbirth rate of 17 ‰. Advanced maternal age, multiparity, and twin pregnancies were identified as high-risk groups for stillbirth. Conclusions To reduce stillbirth incidence, essential measures include strengthening pre-conception healthcare and counseling, proactively addressing pregnancy-related complications, improving monitoring methods throughout gestation and delivery, and refining midwifery skills.