What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to express the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background using atomic constants and quantum principles.

March 5, 2026Open Access

A Derivation of the CMB Temperature from Atomic Constants, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, and the Landauer Limit V4: the Ising universality class conjecture

Key Points

The aim is to express the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background using atomic constants and quantum principles.
Conducted numerical observations of CMB temperature.
Applied concepts from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Utilized the Landauer limit in energy expressions.
CMB temperature calculated as 2.72548 K to five significant figures.
Error margin found to be 0.000194%.
Formula derived using atomic constants without theoretical derivation.

Abstract

We report a numerical observation: the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (TCMB = 2. 72548 K) can be expressed to five significant figures using only atomic constants — hbar, mₑ, a₀, kB, alpha — and the factorial 5!. The formula emerges from setting equal the Heisenberg minimum energy and the Landauer minimum thermal energy. Error: 0. 000194%. No theoretical derivation is offered.

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Authors

Judicael Brindel

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Progamme National Contre le Tuberculose

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A Derivation of the CMB Temperature from Atomic Constants, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, and the Landauer Limit V4: the Ising universality class conjecture

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Abstract

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Discussion

Authors

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