What does this research mean for the field?

The temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background can be expressed as T_CMB = 2.72548 K using only atomic constants and the factorial 5!. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The main aim is to derive the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background using atomic constants and principles from physics.

March 5, 2026Open Access

A Derivation of the CMB Temperature from Atomic Constants, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, and the Landauer Limit V8: the formula predicts D=3 spatial dimensions as the unique solution

Key Points

The main aim is to derive the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background using atomic constants and principles from physics.
Derived temperature based on atomic constants: hbar, m_e, a_0, k_B, alpha, and the factorial 5!
Set equal the Heisenberg minimum energy to the Landauer minimum thermal energy.
Calculated temperature to five significant figures.
Cosmic Microwave Background temperature predicted as T_CMB = 2.72548 K
Achieved error margin of 0.000194% from the predicted value
Identified D=3 spatial dimensions as the unique solution to the derived formula

Abstract

We report a numerical observation: the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (TCMB = 2. 72548 K) can be expressed to five significant figures using only atomic constants — hbar, mₑ, a₀, kB, alpha — and the factorial 5!. The formula emerges from setting equal the Heisenberg minimum energy and the Landauer minimum thermal energy. Error: 0. 000194%. No theoretical derivation is offered.

A Derivation of the CMB Temperature from Atomic Constants, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, and the Landauer Limit V8: the formula predicts D=3 spatial dimensions as the unique solution

Key Points

Abstract

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