Within the framework of the “Physical Theory of Value” (PTV) project, the author proposes to treat **two axiomatic laws of the nature of semiotics** as a working foundation for further development of the theory. The First Law postulates the physical nature of operating with linguistic signs (the process of thinking) as a universal information-processing mechanism in cognitive systems of any type. The Second Law defines a sign (word, symbol, gesture) as a **memory address of the subject**, pointing to a stored model of the denotatum, while the denotatum itself always remains outside the memory of the communicating parties. According to these postulates, in any form of communication (verbal or non-verbal), only the logical structure of memory addresses is transmitted, not its content. Understanding occurs only when the recipient already possesses an analogous address structure filled with their own individual experience, or constructs such a structure and fills it with models synthesized from their personal history. These statements are deliberately introduced as **axioms**, not as proven theorems. Their empirical validation, boundary clarification, counterexample search, and potential falsification remain tasks for future research and the scientific community. In the present work, these axioms are used as an instrument to advance the core objective of the PTV project — the search for technologies capable of measuring real material and spiritual values.
Alexander Eist (Wed,) studied this question.