Metrics and indicators in assessing innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems: a comparative analysis of GII and GEM

Purpose This study aims to examine how aligning development strategies with the specific characteristics of regional innovation ecosystems can foster inclusive and sustainable growth, using global innovation and entrepreneurship metrics in a policy-oriented, non-causal comparative perspective. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative, exploratory comparative analysis based on secondary data from GII and GEM, linked to the OECD Better Life Index across eight countries of varying income levels to support contextual interpretation rather than ranking or causal inference. Findings GII and GEM offer complementary perspectives, revealing that countries with different profiles can exhibit valuable practices when indicators are interpreted contextually and jointly, helping to identify distinct “ecosystem logics” and trade-offs between innovation capacity, entrepreneurial dynamics and well-being outcomes. Research limitations/implications This study provides insights into strategic alignment, although with limitations due to the reliance on secondary indicators and the absence of deeper historical, political and socio-cultural case evidence; moreover, the fast-evolving nature of ecosystems may affect the stability of observed patterns. Practical implications Policymakers should adapt global indicators to local contexts and use combined metric readings (GII–GEM–well-being) to design targeted interventions, improving innovation strategies and address societal challenges effectively. Social implications This study accentuates the need for evidence-based public policies, such as those supported by data from GII and GEM. This can assist policymakers in targeting resources more effectively in areas needing development, thereby enhancing public policies and social infrastructure. Originality/value Proposes an integrated conceptual framework connecting innovation, entrepreneurship and social impact, offering policy-relevant insights for ecosystem development by reframing how global indices are interpreted together to inform place-based strategy (rather than producing new rankings).