ABSTRACT Exposure to interparental violence can have lasting effects on adolescents' emotional and social functioning, yet its role in bullying victimization across offline and online contexts remains unclear. This study examined whether difficulties in emotion regulation mediate this relationship and whether coping self‐efficacy and gender act as moderators. A two‐wave longitudinal sample of 629 adolescents (mean age = 14.05 years; 48.97% males) was collected from S City in mainland China. Half‐longitudinal mediation and moderation models examined indirect and interaction effects, and multigroup path analysis explored potential gender differences. Results indicated that emotion regulation difficulties significantly mediated the association between exposure to interparental violence and both offline and online bullying victimization. Coping self‐efficacy moderated the effect of exposure to interparental violence on emotion regulation difficulties, with higher coping self‐efficacy unexpectedly associated with greater emotion regulation difficulties under exposure. The chi‐square difference tests for individual paths were not statistically significant, indicating that the gender‐specific patterns suggested by subgroup path estimates should be interpreted with caution. These findings provide a basis for developing interventions to reduce bullying victimization among adolescents exposed to interparental violence.
Li et al. (2026) studied this question.