The global leather industry processes about 17 million tons of hides and skins annually, producing approximately 600 million cubic meters of tannery wastewater with pollutant levels often exceeding regulatory standards. The main aim of this review was to synthesize, evaluate, and compile information on the potential of eco‐benign plant phytochemicals by examining their effectiveness at the pretanning, tanning, and wet‐finishing stages of leather processing, employing the PRISMA methodology. The findings confirmed that reductions of 53.56%, 53.13%, 50.92%, and 47.10% in Cl - , TDS, BOD, and COD levels were observed in soaking effluent compared to conventional methods. Additionally, these natural agents replaced toxic chromium salts in tanning, significantly lowering chromium effluent levels and associated environmental hazards. Furthermore, the presence of coloring compounds, essential oils, and waxes has enhanced the fastness and functional properties of the leather at the wet‐finishing stage of leather making. Collectively, the integration of plant‐based phytochemicals at various stages of leather processing presents a sustainable approach that addresses critical environmental concerns while maintaining the quality of leather.
Kefale et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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