Agroforestry initiatives are gaining attention for their potential to enhance food security and livelihoods in rural communities, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Ghanaian villages. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with farmers and quantitative surveys, supplemented by satellite imagery for spatial analysis. Data were analysed using linear regression models to quantify the effects of agroforestry practices on crop yields and economic outcomes. Crop production in villages implementing agroforestry initiatives showed an average increase of 15% compared to control areas, with significant variability across different types of crops and geographical locations. Economic indicators suggest a modest but statistically robust improvement in household incomes by 8%, with a confidence interval around the mean estimate. Agroforestry practices appear to be effective in boosting crop yields and economic benefits for local communities, though variability is evident based on specific agroecological conditions and farmer management strategies. Further research should focus on understanding the long-term sustainability of these practices and exploring how agroforestry can integrate with other sustainable development goals. Model estimation used =argmin_ᵢ (yᵢ, f_ (xᵢ) ) +₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Fadel et al. (Sat,) studied this question.