Smart Speed Breaker for Smart Cities

Road safety has become a major concern due to the rapid increase in vehicle population and frequent incidents of over speeding, especially in sensitive areas such as school zones, hospitals, residential colonies, and accident- prone locations. Conventional static speed breakers are commonly used to control vehicle speed; however, they cause discomfort to compliant drivers, increase vehicle wear and fuel consumption, and delay emergency vehicles. To overcome these limitations, this project presents an Automatic Smart Speed Breaker Based on Vehicle Speed, which dynamically operates according to realtime vehicle speed conditions. The proposed system uses two IR sensors placed at a ixed distance to measure the speed of an approaching vehicle by calculating the time difference between sensor activations. An Arduino UNO microcontroller processes the sensor data and compares the calculated speed with a prede ined threshold. If the vehicle speed exceeds the limit, a servo motor is activated to raise the speed breaker and a buzzer provides an audible warning to alert the driver. For vehicles moving within the permitted speed range, the speed breaker remains lat, ensuring smooth and comfortable passage. Additionally, the system incorporates an RFID based mechanism to identify emergency vehicles such as ambulances, allowing them to bypass the speed breaker without delay. A 16×2 LCD display provides realtime information on vehicle speed, system status, and emergency vehicle detection. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively enforces speed limits only, when necessary, improves road safety, reduces unnecessary vehicle damage, and enhances emergency vehicle movement. The system is costeffective, reliable, and suitable for implementation in smart city traf ic management applications.