Purpose This study addresses the critical need to understand stakeholder dynamics in rewilding initiatives within the context of the global nature crisis, particularly in the Global South, where species and habitats face significant pressures. By bridging a gap in longitudinal evidence, it examines the Mauritius Kestrel (Falco punctatus), a species rescued from near extinction, as a case study, offering valuable insights into sustainable rewilding practices. The research identifies key factors that drive the effectiveness of conservation efforts and provides actionable guidance for future species protection. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a qualitative longitudinal case study approach, focusing on the Mauritian Kestrel rewilding project from 1973 to 2024. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholder groups, supplemented by stakeholder mapping. Findings The study identifies four critical factors for effective rewilding initiatives: Resources, focusing on the sustainable management of financial and non-financial assets; trust, stakeholder dynamics, addressing conflicts, collaboration, cultural considerations and community engagement; and time, highlighting the necessity of a long-term perspective to ensure the success of species reintroduction and prevent extinction. Research limitations/implications A limitation of our study is its focus on a single species-specific conservation project within a small island developing state. Practical implications This research provides valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the success of rewilding projects, offering guidance for future organisations such as private sector companies, NGOs, funders, policymakers and local communities. Social implications This study underscores the critical role of guardianship in conservation, advocating for a shift from passive stewardship to active, personal responsibility for protecting nature. This call to action emphasises the need for humans to reconnect with nature, cultivating a shared commitment to biodiversity and ecosystem resilience in the face of global challenges. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is among the first to explore multi-stakeholder perspectives on the factors contributing to the success of rewilding projects, drawing on insights from one of the world's longest-running rewilding initiatives. It re-evaluates stewardship theory by introducing the notion of guardianship as a more holistic and adaptive framework. The research provides unique insights into effective conservation strategies, presenting novel evidence of the critical role guardianship plays in fostering successful rewilding initiatives.
Roberts et al. (Mon,) studied this question.