The foundations of modern theoretical physics rest on the interplay between quantum dynamics, thermodynamics, and spacetime geometry. While quantum mechanics describes microscopic dynamics through unitary time evolution, thermodynamic phenomena introduce irreversibility and entropy production. In this work we propose a unified framework in which quantum evolution is formulated on a complex-time manifold that naturally incorporates both dynamical and thermodynamic structures. We introduce a complex-time coordinate combining physical time and thermal flow and derive a generalized evolution equation from a variational principle defined on a complex-time geometric manifold. The resulting equation contains both Hamiltonian dynamics and geometric diffusion terms governed by the Laplace–Beltrami operator. This formulation provides a geometric interpretation of thermodynamic irreversibility within quantum theory and establishes connections with Euclidean quantum field theory, geometric quantum mechanics, and thermal time hypotheses. Possible implications for quantum statistical mechanics and information flow in gravitational systems are discussed.
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Y. Li
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Y. Li (Tue,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69b25b5496eeacc4fcec9fe9 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18933989