A Time-Series Forecasting Model for Risk Reduction in Kenyan Municipal Infrastructure Asset Management Systems: A Methodological Evaluation (2000–2026)

{ "background": "Municipal infrastructure asset management in many African nations is hampered by reactive maintenance strategies and a lack of robust, data-driven forecasting tools. This leads to inefficient resource allocation and heightened vulnerability of critical assets. ", "purpose and objectives": "This study presents a methodological evaluation of a novel time-series forecasting model designed to quantify risk reduction within municipal infrastructure asset management systems. The primary objective is to assess the model's predictive accuracy and its utility for proactive, risk-informed decision-making. ", "methodology": "The methodology integrates infrastructure condition data with socio-economic and environmental covariates. The core forecasting engine is a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with exogenous variables (SARIMAX) model, specified as \ (B) \ (Bˢ) \ᵈ\D yt = \ (B) \ (Bˢ) \ + \ Xt. Model performance was rigorously evaluated using rolling-origin forecast evaluation on historical data, with uncertainty quantified via 95% prediction intervals. ", "findings": "The model demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in forecast error for maintenance backlog projections compared to a naive benchmark, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 12. 7% (±3. 2%). Analysis indicates a strong positive relationship between the integration of exogenous climate variables and forecast reliability for water distribution networks. ", "conclusion": "The proposed time-series model provides a technically sound and empirically validated methodological framework for transitioning municipal asset management from a reactive to a predictive paradigm. It effectively quantifies potential risk reduction, offering a clear advantage over conventional practices. ", "recommendations": "Municipal authorities should invest in systematising asset condition monitoring to generate the high-frequency time-series data required for such models. Further research should focus on integrating real-time sensor data to enhance model granularity and responsiveness. ", "key words": "asset management, infrastructure risk, predictive maintenance, SARIMAX, forecasting, municipal engineering", "contribution statement": "This paper introduces a novel application of the SARIMAX modelling framework