Aim: The aim is to evaluate the pattern of ocular manifestations in patients with acute and chronic leukemia, both myeloid and lymphoid, admitted to a tertiary care institution in Northwestern Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 12 months, including 102 leukemia patients. Data collected included demographic details, leukemia subtype, treatment status, hematological parameters, and detailed ocular examination findings. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square tests employed to assess associations; a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Ocular manifestations were observed in 46 patients (45.1%). Direct leukemic infiltration occurred in 9 cases (8.8%), mainly in acute myeloid leukemia, while secondary changes accounted for the remainder. Ocular involvement was more frequent in adults than children (47% vs. 31.6%), in acute than chronic leukemia (52.8% vs. 26.7%), and in myeloid compared to lymphoid types (54% vs. 30.8%). Patients with ocular findings had significantly lower hemoglobin, higher leukocyte counts, and lower platelet counts ( P < 0.05). Most patients (86.3%) were asymptomatic, highlighting the role of routine screening. Conclusions: Ocular complications are a common and clinically important finding in leukemia, particularly in acute and myeloid subtypes. Timely identification and treatment of ocular involvement can help reduce the risk of vision loss and may also reflect systemic disease progression or relapse. Incorporating routine eye examinations into the standard management of leukemia is vital in settings with limited resources, where delays in diagnosis are more likely.
Kaur et al. (Thu,) studied this question.