What type of study is this?

This is a In Vitro Study study.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to evaluate the aerosol characteristics of HFA ipratropium bromide pMDI when used with different valved holding chambers.

March 14, 2026

In vitro comparison of aerosol characteristics of HFA ipratropium bromide pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulation from three valved holding chambers (VHCs)

Key Points

The research aims to evaluate the aerosol characteristics of HFA ipratropium bromide pMDI when used with different valved holding chambers.
In vitro comparison of aerosol characteristics from HFA ipratropium bromide pMDI.
Three valved holding chambers (VHCs) were tested in conjunction with the pMDI.
Drug deposits analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Emitted dose, fine particle dose, fine particle fraction, and Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter determined using CITDAS.
Aerosol characteristics of the pMDI were improved when used with VHCs compared to when used alone.
Mean emitted dose for pMDI with Diamond VHC was 8.2 μg, with a fine particle fraction of 74.3%.
AeroChamber Plus VHC delivered a mean emitted dose of 7.4 μg with a fine particle fraction of 69.6%.
pMDI alone had a mean emitted dose of 16.5 μg with a fine particle fraction of 34.6%.

Abstract

Inhaled bronchodilators and anticholinergics are the mainstay in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study compared the in vitro aerosol characteristics from an HFA ipratropium bromide pMDI (Atrovent, 20 μg ipratropium bromide, Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd) with two anti-static VHCs, a preproduction OptiChamber Diamond (Diamond; Philips Respironics) and an AeroChamber Plus Z-Stat (Z-Stat; Monaghan Medical Corp.) VHC, a conventional AeroChamber Plus (AC+, Monaghan Medical Corp.) VHC, and the pMDI alone. Six pMDIs were primed before use and six of each VHC were washed and air dried. For each run (n) the pMDI was actuated into the VHC or next generation impactor (NGI) (for pMDI alone - tested before and after VHC tests), followed by 20 s extraction at 30 L/min, repeated 10 times. Drug deposits from the NGI were analyzed using HPLC. The Emitted Dose (ED; drug entering the NGI), Fine Particle Dose (FPD; amount of drug ≤ 4.7 μm), Fine Particle Fraction (FPF;% of ED in particles ≤ 4.7 μm), and Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) were determined using Copley Inhalation Testing Data Analysis Software (CITDAS). Table 1. Results: Mean (Standard Deviation) Device ED (μg) FPD (μg) FPF (%) MMAD (μm) pMDI alone (n=12) 16.5 (0.9) 5.7 (0.6) 34.6 (4.7) 0.87 (0.05) pMDI with Diamond VHC (n=6) 8.2 (0.6) 6.1 (0.9) 74.3 (6.7) 0.92 (0.04) pMDI with Z-Stat VHC (n=6) 8.6 (0.7) 6.3 (1.1) 73.0 (7.9) 0.87 (0.02) pMDI with AC+ VHC (n=6) 7.4 (1.0) 5.2 (0.9) 69.6 (3.9) 0.87 (0.02) The aerosol characteristics were similar between the VHCs and removed significant potential throat deposition compared to the pMDI alone.

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Cite This Study

Nikander et al. (Thu,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b4ba1818185d8a39802b36 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003/erj.38.suppl_55.p836

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