In this paper the author reviewed Lev Vygotsky's life and theoretical work in order to focus on how he responded to the fragmentation of psychology: confronting the competing paradigms of Behaviorism. Vygotsky saw a "crisis in the discipline" with psychoanalysis, and structuralism for the mechanistic, asocial, and subjectivist accounts. Vygotsky developed Sociocultural Historical Theory based on the principles of Marxist dialectical materialism; he believed that higher mental functions were socially constructed during interaction with others using a culturally transmitted tool.
Geng Xue (Wed,) studied this question.