Burnout among Healthcare Professionals in the European Union: Systematized review of the Past Decade (2013-2023)

This review aims to analyse trends in burnout prevalence among healthcare professionals in the European Union (EU) from 2013 to 2023 and to identify key contributing factors, with a focus on implications for future research and policy. Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA), has become a critical concern among healthcare professionals. Its pervasive impact undermines individual well-being and healthcare service quality. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Quantitative studies that used the Maslach Burnout Inventory were included. Eligible studies focused on healthcare professionals working within EU member states, including nurses, midwives, and allied health professionals. In total 59 studies were included. Burnout prevalence amongst healthcare professionals in EU over past decade varied significantly, with EE ranging from 2.9 % to 52.7 %, DP from 2.2 % to 35.7 %, and PA from 2.1 % to 88.0 %. Associated factors included high workload and emotional demands, while protective factors such as resilience and professional support were associated with lower levels of burnout. Regional and professional differences were evident, with countries like France and Italy reporting higher burnout rates, particularly in acute care settings, and with nurses experiencing the higher levels of EE than other healthcare professions. Burnout remains an important issue among EU healthcare professionals, exacerbated by systemic challenges and the pandemic. The findings highlight the need for future research evaluating targeted interventions and organizational reforms to mitigate burnout and enhance healthcare quality.