Theoretical Foundations Underpinning Education for Sustainable Development Integration in Kenya's National Curricula

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a critical component of educational curricula worldwide, aiming to integrate environmental, social, and economic aspects into learning processes. In Kenya, national curricula have been updated to include ESD elements, reflecting growing recognition of the need for sustainable development education. The study employed a systematic literature review approach to analyse relevant documents from educational research journals, policy reports, and curriculum guidelines. A thematic analysis was conducted to synthesize findings on ESD integration across different sectors of the Kenyan education system. The theoretical framework developed highlights the need for more balanced and comprehensive integration of ESD elements in Kenyan curricula, particularly in addressing regional disparities and ensuring equitable access to sustainable development knowledge and skills. Specific recommendations include increasing teacher training in ESD methodologies, enhancing curriculum resources, and promoting inter-sectoral collaboration. Policymakers should also consider implementing a national monitoring system for ESD integration effectiveness.