Global Complexity–Stability Theory (GCST): A Unified Framework for the Evolution of Complex Systems Across Scales

Key Points

• This research aims to establish a unified framework for understanding the evolution and stability of complex systems across various scales.
• Introduced the universal stability index G = γ / (α C) derived from fundamental physical constants.
• Derived the critical boundary G_c = 1 for stability assessments.
• Unified structural debt D to explain dark matter and dark energy relationships.
• Analyzed predictions for dark energy behavior at late times based on DESI observational data.
• Confirmed the existence of a critical boundary at G_c = 1.
• Predicted δw(z) > 0 at late times, aligning with DESI DR2 2025 data preferences.
• Showed structural debt D correlates high and low gradient changes in cosmic phenomena.
• Extended implications to galactic stability and planetary habitability with PSI values.

Abstract