The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents one of the most significant phenomena of the 21st century, profoundly altering the concepts of power, sovereignty, and security in the contemporary international system. In the age of comprehensive global digitalisation and growing technological interconnectedness, states are increasingly recognising AI as an essential strategic resource for maintaining and preserving vital national interests and for effectively projecting geopolitical influence on the global stage. The paper analyses the relationship between AI and national security through a geopolitical lens, with particular emphasis on the role of the United States and China in shaping the new technological order. The authors examine how AI transforms the concept of security, how it is used across military, intelligence, and cyber structures, and the risks and ethical challenges it poses. The work aims to argue that competition for technological leadership in AI constitutes the central arena of contemporary international rivalry. Moreover, the competition between major powers is not merely a technological race; it also has implications for establishing new global standards, rules of engagement, and economic dominance, thereby directly shaping the future of the global order and the architecture of international security.
Milosavljević et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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