Coinfection with tuberculosis (TB) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents a major public health challenge, worsening the clinical course of both diseases and increasing morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of TB-HIV coinfection cases, analyzing sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects. Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a retrospective approach. All tuberculosis notifications from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2022 and 2024 with an HIV diagnosis were eligible. The indicators evaluated were age, sex, race/color, education level, municipality size, associated conditions, use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), directly observed treatment (DOT), and case outcomes. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and simple frequencies, with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE no. 73429023.6.0000.5231). Between 2022 and 2024, 1,471 TB-HIV coinfection cases were reported in the state of Paraná, with qualified information regarding HIV diagnosis. Most patients lived in large municipalities (76.4%), in urban and peri-urban areas (92.3%), were male (72.7%), adults aged 19 to 59 years (91.8%), white (54.3%), and had up to 9 years of schooling (39.3%). AIDS was the most frequent associated condition (95.4%), with correct use of ART in 66%, followed by tobacco use (39.7%), illicit drugs (34.8%), and alcohol use (34.7%). Regarding mode of entry, new cases predominated (63%), followed by re-entry after interruption of tuberculosis treatment (10%), with pulmonary form (67.8%) and predominance of cure as the outcome (20.5%). The study revealed the epidemiological profile of TB-HIV coinfection in the state of Paraná, highlighting its higher incidence among young adult males with low educational level living in urban areas. Although most patients were using antiretroviral therapy (ART), the low cure rate (20.5%) and the recurrence of re-entries after treatment abandonment indicate weaknesses in follow-up and adherence. Therefore, there is a reinforced need for integration between TB and HIV services and for interdisciplinary strategies to improve care quality and clinical outcomes.
Silva et al. (Sun,) studied this question.