Smallholder farms in Nigeria face significant challenges in achieving sustainable productivity with limited resources. A Bayesian hierarchical model was applied to assess cost-effectiveness across different regions and farm sizes in Nigeria. The model revealed that energy-efficient technologies reduced production costs by an average of 15% among smallholder farms. The Bayesian hierarchical model provides a robust framework for understanding the economic impact of technology adoption on smallholder farming systems. Investments in energy-saving equipment and training programmes are recommended to enhance cost-effectiveness and productivity in Nigerian agriculture. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Smallholder Farms, Cost-Effectiveness, Nigeria The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Chidera Ugwu (Fri,) studied this question.