This case law report (August-December 2025) discusses six judgments of the Court of Justice. The two first judgments concern issues relating to reimbursement for cross-border healthcare. In C-489/23 AF v Guvernul României and Others , the Court clarified whether a Member State can make the reimbursement of the costs of cross-border healthcare conditional upon possessing a medical assessment from a professional of the public healthcare system of that State. C-115/24 UJ v Österreichische Zahnärztekammer deals with the topical issue of cross-border telemedicine. The case law report then turns to the Joined Cases C-296/24 to C-307/24 Jouxy , dealing with the never-ending family benefits saga in Luxembourg and the question of how to account for different forms of families. Continuing with the topic of families, the report discusses C-397/23 FL v Jobcenter Arbeitplus Bielefeld , where the Court seems to have created a new type of residence under Article 24 of Directive 2004/38 for parents of EU children, with associated consequences for claims on social assistance. The case law report ends with two more technical social security judgments, both concerning the questions of whether and where a person pursues a ‘substantial part’ of their working activities in order to determine the applicable legislation. While C-743/23 GKV-Spitzenverband relates to the question of whether activities carried out in third countries can be excluded from that assessment , C-203/24 Hakamp concerns the discretion awarded by the Member States to take into account different criteria.
Melin et al. (Tue,) studied this question.