A comprehensive analysis of in-vehicle communication protocols: Performance benchmarks and security considerations

This review examines the vehicle communication systems, its evaluation measures, security concern and impact of contemporary technology. By making electronic searches through different databases, 20 articles were identified to include in the study. Findings have demonstrated that more sophisticated protocols are being implemented, e.g., FlexRay and Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), though older protocols, e.g., Controller Area Network (CAN) and Local Interconnect Network (LIN), remain widespread. Additionally, the use of Ethernet-based systems in automotive communications is increasing. However, many of these protocols have substantial vulnerabilities, which pose significant security challenges. The findings suggest adopting enhanced communication and security measures supported by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for future vehicles. Overall, this work systematically evaluates in-vehicle communication protocols and proposes methods for addressing contemporary security challenges in the automotive industry.