Retraction notice: Enhancing healthcare workflows with blockchain-enabled deep reinforcement learning and mobile-fog-cloud architecture

The publisher of International Journal of Web Information Systems wishes to retract the article Albudairi AS, Abdulkalaq AH, Aljabri K (2025), “Enhancing healthcare workflows with blockchain-enabled deep reinforcement learning and mobile-fog-cloud architecture”. International Journal of Web Information Systems, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. Link to the cited article. It has come to our attention that there are significant concerns regarding the authorship and the source of this article. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation to these concerns. As a result, the findings of the article cannot be relied upon. Emerald’s authorship policy guidelines make it clear that authorship is a fundamental aspect of transparency in the publication process and ensures accountability and responsibility for reported research. The decision to retract has been informed by Link to COPE’s guidelines on retractions and Link to the Emerald’s publishing ethics. The authors of this article would like to note that they do not agree with the content of this notice. The publisher of the journal sincerely apologizes to the readers.