This paper examines tax compliance among small and micro enterprises in Greece. Given the country's high debt and need for tax revenue, compliance is critical for economic stability. The study utilizes an original dataset, which combines reported and actual pre-tax income for 218 Greek firms over the period 2013–2024, and employs a direct, non-imputed Compliance Ratio to ascertain actual tax compliance behavior. The panel-based analysis reveals an average compliance rate of approximately 48%, thus indicating that there is considerable and ongoing non-compliance with tax regulations among small and medium-sized firms. The findings highlight a strong relationship between tax ethics, audits, and compliance. Young entrepreneurs, in particular, demonstrate higher ethical standards, leading to greater compliance. Enhancing audit mechanisms and increasing awareness can serve as effective tools in combating tax evasion. The study underscores the importance of ethical behavior and regulatory enforcement in improving tax compliance. Strengthening these aspects could significantly reduce evasion among small businesses, helping Greece secure much-needed tax revenue and support economic growth.
Panagiotidou et al. (Wed,) studied this question.