Computational Thinking Across Disciplines: A Taxonomy of Pedagogical Approaches as Reflected in Prospective Teachers’ Simulations of Computational Processes

Computational thinking (CT) is widely recognized as a key 21st-century competence, yet its integration across disciplines remains unclear for many educators. This study explores how prospective teachers identify and express CT through scripts representing computational processes in school subjects of their choice. The challenge of integrating CT in teacher preparation programs in non-STEM-related fields is also addressed. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyze projects and accompanying reflective analyses from 375 prospective teachers who created Scratch-based scripts aligned with computational processes in STEM and non-STEM subjects. Data analysis yielded a taxonomy of pedagogical strategies reflecting diverse instructional approaches. The study underscores the value of guided, discipline-specific CT activities in teacher preparation programs and highlights how script development of computational processes fosters both subject-matter understanding and computational thinking. The results suggest holistic lens in evaluating CT integration and offer evidence-based insights for embedding CT meaning-fully into teacher preparation programs across disciplines.