Vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) has attracted extensive attention from researchers due to its ability to achieve rapid, reversible, and multi-modal responses triggered by various stimuli. The "smart" property of this material stems from its metal-insulator phase transition occurring at a relatively low temperature (68 o C). This phase transition induces remarkable changes in its electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, thereby facilitating its widespread application in smart devices. As a universal platform for integrating materials into most devices, thin films exhibit excellent structural and functional expandability, which are highly compatible with the phase transition characteristics of vanadium dioxide. Based on the classification criteria of triggering conditions and response mechanisms, this review systematically summarizes the main application scenarios of recent VO 2 thin film-based smart devices, including microrobots, reconfigurable metasurfaces, phase transition memristors, high-efficiency smart windows, intelligent radiative cooling, and microspectrometers. Finally, grounded on the development trends of various smart devices, the challenges of VO 2 thin films in practical applications are discussed, and prospects for further enhancing their intelligence are proposed.
Li et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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