A Unified Systems Framework for Free Will, Biological Regulation, and Societal Dynamics

Abstract We propose a unified systems framework in which biological, cognitive, and societal processes are modeled as interconnected, feedback-regulated networks operating under balance constraints. Free will is formalized as an emergent property arising from interactions between internal states, external inputs, and feedback history. The framework integrates systems biology, control theory, and complex network science, and provides a rigorous mathematical basis—including tensor and graph-theoretic formulations—for analyzing decision-making across scales. Testable predictions and pathways toward applications in education and artificial general intelligence (AGI) are proposed.