Design, optimization, and testing of multifunctional interfaces for reconfigurable modular spacecraft

Abstract. Reconfigurable modular spacecraft (RMS) integrate reconfigurable characteristics with a modular architecture, which can be decomposed into several standardized and intelligent functional units. Each unit integrates the required subsystems and realizes interconnection through a universal interface. This study conducts an in-depth investigation on the core components of reconfigurable modular spacecraft units and multifunctional interface mechanisms. First, the structural design of the unit enclosure and interface mechanism is completed, covering the unit baseplate, frame, and key components that enable mechanical docking and power transmission. Second, systematic research is carried out on the motion trajectory optimization and profile design of the key components of this mechanism so as to achieve targeted error suppression and compliant docking. Based on the contact-impact theory and ADAMS dynamic modeling method, a dynamic model of the unit docking interface is established, and the feasibility of mechanical connection and power connection is verified. Furthermore, the follower motion laws affecting the connection accuracy are simulated and analyzed, which confirms the effectiveness of the selected optimal motion law. Finally, through docking tests, mechanical property tests, high- to low-temperature resistance tests, and signal transmission tests, the reliability of the proposed multifunctional interface operating in extreme environments is verified.