Digital Product Passports for Circular Transformation: Cross-Sectoral Review with Emphasis on Built Environment

The transition to a circular economy (CE) has become a critical objective in addressing the environmental and resource challenges associated with linear production and consumption models. Digital Product Passports (DPPs) have emerged as a key instrument in supporting this transition by enabling transparency, traceability, and informed decision-making across product lifecycles. This study presents a structured review of 155 publications to examine the current state of research on DPPs, with a particular emphasis on their implementation within the built environment. Findings indicate that while DPPs are gaining policy and industry attention, particularly within the European Union, several technical, organizational, and regulatory challenges remain. These include the lack of standardized data models, concerns over data privacy and intellectual property, and limited empirical validation of proposed frameworks. Nevertheless, emerging solutions such as modular ontologies, data spaces, blockchain integration, and digital twins offer potential pathways forward. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying critical issues, this review contributes to the broader understanding of how DPPs may support sustainable practices and circularity in the built environment and beyond.