An Effective Fluid Cosmology: Spatial Orthogonal Conversion Theory (SOCT) and the Resolution of Macroscopic Gravitational Anomalies

Spatial Orthogonal Conversion Theory (SOCT) is an effective fluid cosmology framework proposed by Chang-Xing Tsai to resolve macroscopic gravitational anomalies. While General Relativity relies on static geometry—which leads to Planck-scale singularities and necessitates the ad-hoc insertion of Dark Matter and Dark Energy—SOCT hypothesizes space as a dynamic substrate. It introduces a Born-Infeld-type non-linear saturation mechanism to bound the substrate flow velocity (vᵣ < c). Under extreme compression near massive sinks (e. g. , black holes), the substrate undergoes a geometric phase transition into an "orthogonal stress" state (S_). This theory mathematically demonstrates that the outward convective expansion of S_ resolves the mass divergence paradox and naturally yields an isothermal density profile (1/r²), perfectly explaining flat galactic rotation curves without exotic particles. Furthermore, by modeling cosmic voids as substrate regeneration sources, SOCT calculates a precise regeneration parameter (0. 104), successfully bridging the early and late-universe Hubble tension. The model preserves local Lorentz invariance and the Weak Equivalence Principle while accurately reproducing the exact factor of 2 in gravitational lensing predictions (4GM/bc²).