Constitutional and legal challenges to environmental protection in Iraq

Environmental protection is one of the most pressing issues facing Iraq today, as the country suffers from various environmental problems including water and air pollution, waste management, and remnants of war and mines. These issues not only threaten public health but also hinder sustainable development. This research aims to examine the constitutional and legal frameworks governing environmental protection in Iraq, focusing on the effectiveness of constitutional texts and environmental legislations in achieving the desired objectives. The research analyzes the current constitutional texts and environmental laws, and assesses their implementation by the concerned government institutions. Additionally, it reviews the main challenges facing the enforcement of these laws, including economic, social, legal, and administrative challenges. The research concludes that the current legal frameworks need development and updates to be more effective in addressing the growing environmental challenges. The study also provides recommendations to enhance institutional capacities and improve environmental legislations to ensure effective environmental protection in Iraq.