Abstract The attainment of Circular Economy practices worldwide (CE), will require concrete efforts to break the trade-offs between development and environmental resource utilisation. In order to do that, networks and collaboration could be potential vehicles for facilitating attainment of Circular Economy. The research assesses the central question of what role do networks play in promoting the circular economy transition in Africa and determine strategies for improving their role and function. This research was a cross country comparison of network activities in developing African countries (Zimbabwe, South Africa and Kenya). A survey was undertaken on 70 organisations which were members of sustainable business networks. Interviews and document reviews were also undertaken in order to understand cognitions, motivating factors, barriers, communication methods and strategies related to sustainable business networks. Capacity building and innovation were some of the top cognitive factors influencing network participation. Other cognitive factors which were cited, included prospects of attending regional conferences and attaining regional exposure. Financial, cultural differences and geographical barriers prevented networks to realise their full potential. 97% of the respondents confirmed that collaboration was not forced by any legal or coercive policy instrument whereas 3% confirmed they were influenced by policy and legal regimes. There were common elements amongst the Circular Economy networks including the cross commonality of the subscription based model of network financing. The research confirms the fact that network members assume multiple memberships and do not only have membership to one Circular Economy network. At least 71% of network members surveyed confirmed that networks were making an impact in the Circular Economy of their organisations including those who agree (43%) and strongly agree (28%). Diverse communication methods were identified through the survey and included conferences, workshops, seminars, Zoom meetings, teleconferences, email, social media, newsletters, articles, publications, exposure visits, online platforms, websites; Newspaper (print and digital). The research concludes that networks facilitate Circular Economy transition. Their effectiveness is influenced by barriers, contextual factors, communication methods and in-country policy conditions. Although differences exist, there were also some similarities in structure, business models and governance, amongst the countries. In order to improve networks, there is need for improved predictable financing, better communication and partnerships with key stakeholders. Implications on global audience is clarity on strategies for ensuring success of networks.
Muzamwese et al. (Wed,) studied this question.