What does this research mean for the field?

Despite significant advances in understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy beyond hyperglycemia, translating these preclinical insights into effective clinical treatments remains a major challenge. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore the pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment options for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

March 28, 2026

Advances in the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Key Points

To explore the pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment options for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Review of existing literature on DPN epidemiology and risk factors
Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic factors
Evaluation of current diagnostic and treatment strategies
Assessment of clinical outcomes and biomarkers
Identified multiple risk factors contributing to DPN beyond hyperglycemia
Highlighted the role of axoglial interactions in DPN pathology
Noted existing treatment inadequacies and the need for more effective therapies

Abstract

ABSTRACT Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common, debilitating disorder that results in sensory loss, gait dysfunction, propensity to skin ulceration that can lead to limb amputations, and neuropathic pain. DPN has a negative impact on patients’ mood and quality of life and is also associated with increased mortality. Disappointingly, aggressive treatment of hyperglycemia does not adequately prevent DPN, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes, and new, more effective treatments for DPN are urgently needed. Recent decades have witnessed a growing understanding of the risk factors and molecular mechanisms of DPN, such as the importance of axoglial interactions and metabolic derangements beyond hyperglycemia. Despite expanding knowledge, the translation of preclinical insights to treatments that benefit patients remains challenging. This review will cover DPN epidemiology and risk factors, including social determinants of health, DPN pathophysiology and genetics, currently recommended diagnostic and treatment approaches, and available clinical outcomes assessments and biomarkers. Discussion of each of these topics will emphasize recent advances in the field and focus on the challenges and necessary new directions in DPN research.

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