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This research explores the evolving treatment strategies and outcomes for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease.

March 30, 2026

Temporal trends in treatment strategies and outcomes of newly diagnosed Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease

Key Points

This research explores the evolving treatment strategies and outcomes for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease.
Patient data collected from Seoul National University Hospital from 2011 to 2024
Patients categorized into three treatment groups based on the year of initial treatment
Analysis of patient characteristics and treatment outcomes over time
Total of 624 patients included in the analysis
Rifampicin use declined while azithromycin, amikacin, and clofazimine increased
Microbiological cure rate improved significantly from 39.0% to 61.8% over three groups (P < 0.001)

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to investigate the trends in treatment patterns and outcomes over the past 15 years among patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) treated at a tertiary hospital in South Korea.METHODSPatients with newly diagnosed MAC-PD, who were treated at Seoul National University Hospital between 1 January 2011 to 31 August 2024, were categorised into three groups according to the date of initial treatment: group 1 (2011-2015), group 2 (2016-2020), and group 3 (2021-2024). Changes in patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes were analysed.RESULTSA total of 624 patients were included (141, 240, and 243 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). While the use of rifampicin declined, the use of azithromycin, inhaled or intravenous amikacin, and clofazimine increased over time. The probability of culture conversion progressively improved (Tarone-Ware test, P P for trend CONCLUSIONSince 2011, treatment strategies for MAC-PD have evolved toward a more proactive approach, accompanied by a gradual improvement in treatment outcomes..

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