Intranasal Liposomes in Nose-to-Brain Delivery: Current Insights and Future Directions

Through direct transportation through the trigeminal and olfactory channels, Intra Nasal (IN) medication delivery has become a notable non-invasive technique in order to target the Central Nervous System (CNS) and avoid the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Because liposome-based nanocarriers may encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, improve stability, increase bioavailability, and prolong residence time, they provide significant advantages for IN administration. Optimized liposomal formulations can be created using a variety of preparation methods, including solvent injection, emulsification, thin-film hydration, and reverse-phase evaporation. Stability, muco-adhesion, and controlled release are offered by functional excipients such as phospholipids, cholesterol, chitosan, and PEG derivatives. To guarantee therapeutic efficacy, evaluation parameters such particle size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug release are crucial. Intranasal liposomal delivery has shown promise in treating glioblastoma, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other conditions affecting the central nervous system. however, challenges like lysosomal trapping and restricted biodistribution in specific tumour microenvironments.