Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are infectious inflammatory diseases driven by a dysbiotic shift in the dental plaque microbiome. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology enabled more precise understanding of the microbiome associated with these diseases. Despite clinical similarities and the presence of well-known periodontal pathogens, these two pathologies are characterized by distinct microbial structures and diversity. Most studies indicate that the peri-implantitis microbiome exhibits greater species diversity and complexity than the periodontitis microbiome, often showing significant enrichment of genera, such as Treponema. Furthermore, complex interspecific interactions drive disease progression, resulting in a pathogen-dominated state. The inorganic titanium surface of implants establishes a distinct ecological niche that differs from that of natural teeth. This distinction imposes unique selective pressures on microbial colonization, giving rise to a unique microbiome and host response.
Yasuo et al. (Mon,) studied this question.