Journey to work trips account for approximately one-third to one-half of all trips taken in urban areas (Deskins 1972).During the last three decades, metropolitan areas have expanded rapidly in terms of population, area, housing units, jobs and economic growth.At the same time, they have experienced problems maintaining a balance between housing and jobs.Due to this imbalanced relationship, workers need to travel longer distances to work.This increases urban problems such as traffic congestion, environmental degradation, lack of affordable housing, and segregation by race or income.This study mainly explores the dynamics between residence and workplace in Twin Cities, Minnesota using the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) and Local Dynamic Employment data.Geographical patterns of intra-metropolitan commuting flows are examined in terms of daily urban traffic flows.It was found that about 38 percent of daily traffic on major highways can be explained by journey to work flows.
Kim et al. (Sat,) studied this question.