Radiological imaging is a fundamental and effective tool for identifying risk factors for physical disabilities. Despite extensive imaging research, no comprehensive synthesis has examined how imaging modalities collectively contribute to identifying physical disability risk factors. This review aims to discuss advancements in medical imaging for physical disabilities and rehabilitation, assess the role and effectiveness of various imaging techniques in evaluating physical disabilities and their associated risk factors, and examine how early detection influences treatment outcomes and disability risk reduction. A systematic literature search was conducted on peer-reviewed articles across four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO, published from 2021 onwards. The review included patients who had or were at risk of physical disabilities. The literature mostly involves the use of different radiological imaging techniques. A total of 73 studies were reviewed, encompassing neurological, musculoskeletal, and vascular disabilities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was the most frequently used modality, particularly in neurological cases (64%), and demonstrated high effectiveness, with 71% of its applications rated as highly effective. Computed tomography (CT), while used less frequently, showed the highest proportion of high-effectiveness ratings (74%), particularly in vascular assessments. Imaging was primarily employed for disability risk evaluation ( n = 34), followed by diagnosis ( n = 22) and disease progression monitoring ( n = 21). Neurological conditions accounted for the largest share of identified risk factors (72%). Radiological imaging is a great tool for providing insights into underlying pathologies, facilitating early detection and personalized rehabilitation. Early detection significantly influences treatment outcomes and reduces long-term disability. Challenges persist, including accessibility barriers, variability in image interpretation, and the need for good training. Reducing disparities in imaging access requires strengthening infrastructure, standardizing protocols, and enhancing professional training to promote equitable and effective imaging services for individuals at risk of or living with physical disabilities.
Yousef et al. (Thu,) studied this question.