Economic and technological factors affecting GDP growth in Jordan: ARDL study 1994–2023

Geographical borders no longer prevent the spread of economic activities, digital transformation, and the use of the Internet in all aspects of life. In Jordan, our story begins with a country with limited capabilities; the use of the Internet is viewed as serious, in line with the regime's economic vision, and aimed at achieving the desired growth rates. This study examined the impact of independent factors on economic growth. It is based on the theory of endogenous growth and considers these elements as internal factors that influence growth using the standard ARDL methodology from 1994 to 2023. The study concluded that capital formation had the greatest impact on gross domestic product growth, followed by government spending on education. As for the use of the Internet, the effect was small. Finally, the study presented a set of recommendations: that decision-makers implement tax and customs incentives for the information technology sector, and that the positive impact be enhanced by integrating digital skills into education to bridge the gap between educational outcomes and the labor market.