Although Imamology has always been central to the theological doctrines of Twelver Shīʿism (al-Ithnā ʿAsharīya), the matter of how it was developed and revised during the Il-Khanid period has not yet been satisfyingly studied. According to previous research, although Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (d. 1274) and his disciple al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī (d. 1325) tried to integrate the Islamic philosophy which had been systematized by Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037) into their traditional theology, the philosophy had little effect on their Imamology. With regard to theologians’ attitude to Sufism, it has been the common view that most Twelver thinkers did not approve of merging Sufiideas into their theology before Ḥaydar Āmulī (d. 1385), who is known as a Shīʿite adherent of Ibn ʿArabī (d. 1240).
Naoki NISHIYAMA (Fri,) studied this question.