This study aimed to identify valuable naked oat genotypes with efficient genetic–physiological systems (GPS) governing adaptability, attraction, and microdistribution of assimilates for subsequent use as sources in breeding high-yielding cultivars. We evaluated eleven genotypes (ten cultivars and line kss-98-329) in 2022–2024 in the southwestern part of Sverdlovsk oblast under contrasting moisture conditions (hydrothermal coefficient 0.98, 1.14, and 2.06, respectively) using the theory of the ecological–genetic organization of quantitative traits and the orthogonal regression method. For each cultivar, we measured stem, panicle, grain, and chaff mass per panicle in ten plants across two field replications. We plotted mean values of productivity traits on two-dimensional trait-coordinate graphs to identify the contribution of GPS to yield formation. According to orthogonal regression plots characterizing the performance of the GPS responsible for the attraction of photosynthetic products from the stem to the panicle, the cultivars Progress, line kss-98-329, Sibirsky Golozernyi, and Levsha consistently expressed their potential. Depending on combinations of positive and negative shifts in genetic systems, these genotypes belonged to the first and second groups in the orthogonal regression plots. The cultivars Vyatskii, Sibirsky, and Tyumensky Golozernyi exhibited stable positive shifts in the GPS of the genetic system controlling microdistribution of plastic substances over the 3 years of testing. The cultivars Levsha, Persheron, Sibirsky Golozernyi, and line kss-98-329 showed the highest panicle productivity (1.41–1.59 g) and grain number (52–56 grains) and produced the greatest aboveground dry biomass, with plant mass of 3.95–4.37 g, stem mass of 1.64–1.74 g, and panicle mass of 2.27–2.63 g, exceeding other accessions by more than 5.2%. Rank analysis placed these genotypes at the top positions, with ranks ranging from 7 to 22.
Kardashina et al. (Mon,) studied this question.